Jurnal Teknologi Laboratorium, with registered number ISSN 2338-5634 (print), 2580-0191 (online) is a scientific journal published by Poltekkes Kemenkes Yogyakarta. The journal registered in the CrossRef system with Digital Object Identifier (DOI) prefix 10.29238. The aim of this journal publication is to disseminate the conceptual thoughts or ideas and research results that have been achieved in the area of medical laboratory sciences. Every article that goes to the editorial staff will be selected through Initial Review processes by the Editorial Board. Then, the articles will be sent to the peer reviewer and will go to the next selection by Double-Blind Peer - review Process. After that, the articles will be returned to the authors to revise. These processes take 6 - 7 months for maximum time. In each manuscript, the peer reviewer will be rated from the substantial and technical aspects. The final decision of article acceptance will be made by Editors according to the Reviewer's comments. The reviewer that collaboration with Jurnal Teknologi Laboratorium is the experts in the medical laboratory technology area and issues around it. Jurnal Teknologi Laboratorium particularly focuses on the main problems in the development of the sciences of medical laboratory areas. It covers parasitology, bacteriology, virology, hematology, clinical chemistry, toxicology, food, and drink chemistry but for special issues, it is possible to receive another area of health like epidemiology, etc. In order to further internationalize our journal, Jurnal Teknologi Laboratorium has decided to change the Indonesian language to accept the English language only, since 2019. Please read these guidelines carefully. Authors who want to submit their manuscript to the editorial office of Jurnal Teknologi Laboratorium should obey the writing guidelines. If the manuscript submitted is not appropriate with the guidelines or written in a different format, it will BE REJECTED by the editors before further reviewed. The editors will only accept the manuscripts which meet the assigned format. Statistics Volume 8 No 1. 2019: Articles Received: 15; Accepted: 7; Rejected: 7; Published: 6; Retracted: 0 Volume 7 No 2. 2018: Articles Received: 11; Accepted: 6; Rejected: 5; Published: 5; Retracted: 0
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Association between Soil-Transmitted Helminth infections and total protein levels among 6–7-year-old children in Palembang, Indonesia: a case–control study in landfill-adjacent areas
Soil-Transmitted Helminth (STH) infections remain a significant public health concern in Indonesia, particularly affecting the pediatric demographic. These infections may adversely affect nutritional status, total protein levels, and serum albumin, consequently impeding children's growth and development. This study aimed to examine the relationship between soil-transmitted helminth (STH) infection and nutritional status, total protein levels, and serum albumin in children aged 6 to 7 years in Palembang, Indonesia. A case-control study was conducted involving 160 children aged 6 to 7 years, divided into two groups based on proximity to a landfill: those living near the landfill and those living at a wider distance. Stool analyses were conducted to detect STH infection, anthropometric measurements were employed to assess nutritional status, and blood samples were collected to evaluate total protein and serum albumin levels. We employed chi-square tests and the non-parametric Mann–Whitney U test to analyze the data. The overall prevalence of STH infections was 11.2%, with all affected children residing in proximity to the landfill. A significant correlation existed between STH infection and reduced total protein levels (p < 0.001; OR = 172.5). However, no substantial relationships were seen between STH infection and serum albumin levels (p = 0.060) or nutritional status as assessed by body mass index-for-age, weight-for-age, and height-for-age measures. In conclusion, STH infection was substantially associated with an increased risk of low total protein levels in children aged 6 to 7 years in Palembang. In contrast, no substantial association was found between STH infection and serum albumin levels or anthropometric indicators of nutritional status. These findings indicate that immediate public health interventions are necessary, including enhanced sanitation, health education, and routine deworming initiatives, particularly in communities adjacent to landfills.
Copyright (c) 2025 Fajriah Purnama, Ahmad Syauqy, Achmad Zulfa Juniarto https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Salmonella-induced red blood cell oxidative damage among typhoid fever patients in Ilorin, Nigeria
Typhoid disease is a debilitating disease of humans that occurs sometimes with fatal consequences. It has been established that Salmonella toxin is the key factor in typhoid pathology. We sought to investigate the contributory role of oxidative stress on red blood cells and on the morbidity frequently seen in sufferers. Patients on clinical suspicion of typhoid disease were tested serologically with the Typhidot IgM /IgG qualitative Enzyme Immunoassay (EIA). Serum from one hundred and two (102) confirmed cases were subjected to pro-oxidant (malondialdehyde) EIA assay as well as Total antioxidant potential (TAP) EIA assay, in addition to doing a full blood count on the subjects. Thirty apparently normal persons served as the control group. Results show that the typhoid cases had significantly lower mean values in many of the parameters like RBC count (3.50 ± 0.52 against 4.65 ± 1.06), (p <0.001); Haemoglobin (HGB) - 10.11 ± 0.87 against 12.47 ± 2.15 (p <0.001); Haematocrit (HCT) - 32.81 ± 5.16 vs 39.49 ± 7.38 (p <0.001); Mean Cell Haemoglobin (MCH) 24.10 ± 1.59 vs 25.99 ± 2.41 (p <0.001); Mean Cell Haemoglobin Concentration (MCHC) 25.63 ± 1.23 vs 27.37 ± 2.18 (p <0.001); Red Cell Diameter Width (RCDW) 13.08 ± 2.54 against 15.96 ± 2.72 (p <0.001) and %lymphocytes (LYM) 2.05 ± 0.63 vs 2.59 ± 1.31(p = 0.038). However, the test subjects had significantly higher values in some other parameters like White blood cell (WBC) total count 9.94 ± 2.7 vs 8.12 ± 4.26 (p=0.039), Absolute lymphocyte count (LYM) 2.05 ± 0.63 against 2.59 ± 1.31 (p = 0.038) and % Granulocytes (GR) [48.04 ± 11.73 vs 40.42 ± 11.28 (p <0.001)] with five parameters showing strongly significant negative correlation to free radical levels. The typhoid cases also had a significantly higher mean free radical value (8.14 ± 1.00 as against 3.31 ± 0.44) (p <0.001) among apparently healthy persons and a lower mean antioxidant value (p <0.001) than the control group. These observations led us to the conclusion that aside the key role played by typhoid toxins in patient morbidity, oxidative damage is an essential contributory factor in the development and exacerbation of complications in the pathophysiology of typhoid disease.
Copyright (c) 2025 Ayodele O Ilesanmi, Austin S Alikpang, Kolawole T Ogunwale , Rose Ilesanmi https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Effect of Ajwa date extract cream (Phoenix Dactylivera L) on TGF-beta and IL-6 expression in rats exposed to UV-B
Excessive exposure to ultraviolet B (UVB) rays can trigger acute inflammatory reactions and damage to skin structures, including shortening and thickening of collagen fibers, damage to elastic fibers, and changes in the proportion of collagen in the dermis. This study aims to evaluate the effect of Ajwa date (Phoenix dactylifera L.) extract cream on the expression of TGF-beta and IL-6 cytokines in Wistar rats exposed to UVB rays. This study is an in vivo experimental study with a post-test only control group design using 30 male rats randomly divided into five treatment groups: healthy control group (K1), UVB group without intervention (K2), UVB + base cream group (K3), UVB + 4% Ajwa date cream group (K4), and UVB + 8% Ajwa date cream group (K5). The cream was applied topically for 7 days and IL-6 and TGF-beta levels were measured on the 8th day using the ELISA method. The results of one-way ANOVA showed no statistically significant differences in TGF-beta (p = 0.150) and IL-6 (p = 0.902) levels between groups. However, there was an increase in the number of fibroblasts in the 8% cream group (K5) which was biologically relevant, indicating a possible regenerative effect in the proliferative phase. This study is a preliminary study that provides an important basis for further exploration of the topical therapeutic potential of Ajwa date extract. Further studies with improved formulations, longer treatment durations, and pre–post designs are recommended to understand the biological efficacy more comprehensively.
Copyright (c) 2025 Aria Nova Lisa, Prasetyowati Subchan, Titiek Sumarawati https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Effect of Periwinkle Extract (Catharanthus roseus) on Caspase-3 Levels and Renal Interleukin-6 Levels on Cadmium Poisoning
Cadmium is a toxic heavy metal known to induce oxidative stress, DNA damage, and inflammation, particularly in kidney tissue, as shown by elevated levels of inflammatory cytokines such as Interleukin-6 (IL-6) and apoptotic markers like Caspase-3. This study aimed to evaluate the protective effect of periwinkle (Catharanthus roseus) extract against cadmium induced kidney damage in male Balb/C mice. Twenty mice were randomly divided into four groups: a healthy control group (KS) receiving only pellets and water; a negative control group (KN) receiving intraperitoneal cadmium chloride at 4.5 mg/kg body weight/day; a positive control group (KP) treated with cadmium and vitamin E (50 IU/kg BW/day); and a treatment group (P1) given cadmium along with oral periwinkle extract at a dose of 500 mg/kg BW/day for five days. Kidney tissues were collected post-treatment, by six days, levels of IL-6 and Caspase-3 were measured using ELISA. The results showed that the periwinkle treated group had significantly lower IL-6 levels (59.4±17.9) compared to the cadmium-only group (115.1±5.85), and lower Caspase-3 levels (247.1±4.9) compared to the negative control (271.3±14.2), with statistical significance (p<0.05). These findings suggest that periwinkle extract exerts a protective effect by reducing inflammation and apoptosis in kidneys exposed to cadmium toxicity.
Copyright (c) 2025 Qisthy Kurrota Aini, Agung Putra, Chodidjah https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Pomegranate extract cream modulates TGF-beta and IL-6 in wistar rats with excision wounds
Wound healing is a complex, multifactorial process, and disruptions at any stage can delay recovery. Pomegranate peel extract has been traditionally used to accelerate wound healing, with topical applications of natural products preferred due to their safety and availability compared to synthetic agents. This study evaluated the effects of pomegranate extract cream (Punica granatum) on TGF-beta and IL-6 levels in Wistar rats with excision wounds. An in vivo experimental design was applied to 48 rats divided into 12 groups, with analyses performed on day 3 and day 7. TGF-beta and IL-6 levels were measured using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The results showed a significant reduction in mean IL-6 levels and a significant increase in mean TGF-beta levels on both day 3 and day 7 (One-Way ANOVA, p<0.05). The 20% pomegranate extract cream demonstrated the greatest effect, reducing IL-6 and enhancing TGF-? expression, with outcomes comparable to bioplacenton treatment on day 7. These findings suggest that pomegranate extract cream may promote wound healing by modulating inflammatory and reparative molecular mediators.
Copyright (c) 2025 Indah Roswita Sari, Titiek Sumarawati, Agung Putra https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Topical Ajwa date (Phoenix dactylifera L.) extract cream modulates fibroblast proliferation in UV-B-Exposed Wistar rats: Effects on TNF-alpha and SOD levels
Humans always want to look attractive and youthful, in order to increase self-confidence, so they make efforts to avoid the appearance of signs of aging by slowing down and preventing the aging process. One of the important factors that affects the skin aging process is ultraviolet (UV) rays. The effects of UV-B exposure on the skin include changes in its structure and function. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of administering Ajwa date extract cream (Phoenix dactylifera L) on TNF-? and SOD levels in Wistar rats exposed to UV-B. This study was an in vivo experimental design using a post-test only control group design. The study used 30 Wistar rats, divided into five groups: the normal group (K1), negative control (K2), positive control (K+), treatment 1 (K1) with 4% Ajwa date extract cream, and treatment 2 (K2) with 8% Ajwa date extract cream. After UV-B exposure for seven days, TNF-? and SOD levels were measured using the ELISA method. Statistical analysis included the Shapiro-Wilk test for normality, Levene’s test for homogeneity, and One-way ANOVA to assess differences between groups if needed. The results showed no significant difference in the average SOD levels between groups (p = 0.262), nor in TNF-alpha levels (p = 0.106). The highest average SOD level was observed in the group treated with 8% Ajwa date extract cream. Although the statistical analysis did not show significant differences between groups, a positive trend was observed in the treatment groups, including increased SOD levels, reduced TNF-alpha expression, and notably, a trend of increased fibroblast proliferation in the 8% treatment group. This study provides novel evidence regarding the topical application of Ajwa date extract cream in modulating oxidative stress, inflammation, and fibroblast activity in UV-B-exposed skin.
Copyright (c) 2025 Sri Mahoni, Sri Priyantini Mulyani, Siti Thomas Zulaikhah https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Effect of cinnamon bark (Cinnamomum burmannii) extract cream on IL-6 and SOD Expression in a rat excision wound model
Wound healing is a complex biological process that restores tissue integrity, and disruption of this process can impair aesthetic appearance and cause psychological distress. Herbal agents such as cinnamon bark (Cinnamomum burmannii), known for its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antibacterial properties, have potential to accelerate wound repair. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of cinnamon bark extract cream on interleukin-6 (IL-6) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) levels in rats with excision wounds. An experimental post-test only control group design was conducted using 24 male Wistar rats divided into four groups: normal rats (K1), excision wounds treated with povidone-iodine (K2), excision wounds treated with 4% cinnamon bark extract cream (K3), and excision wounds treated with 8% cinnamon bark extract cream (K4). Treatments were given for seven days, and on day eight, skin tissue samples were analyzed for IL-6 and SOD levels using the ELISA method. One-way ANOVA followed by LSD post hoc tests showed significant differences in SOD levels among groups (p = 0.001), with the 8% cinnamon bark extract cream group (43.01 ± 5.92 ng/L) demonstrating significantly higher levels compared to other groups. In contrast, IL-6 levels showed no significant differences between groups (p = 0.339). however, exploratory comparison suggested that the 4% cream group had the lowest mean IL-6 value (4.10 ± 1.36 ng/L) compared to povidone-iodine (4.74 ± 0.60 ng/L). Although confidence intervals crossed zero, the analysis indicated a small to moderate effect size (partial ?² = 0.185), suggesting treatment-related variability and a possible trend toward reduced inflammation in the 4% cream group. These findings suggest that topical administration of 8% cinnamon bark extract cream enhances antioxidant activity by increasing SOD levels in skin tissue after excision wounds, while the 4% cream may modestly attenuate IL-6, although further confirmatory studies are required.
Copyright (c) 2025 Erika Hidayati, Chodidjah, Titiek Sumarawati https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Effect of Pomegranate Extract Cream (Punica granatum) on PDGF and IL-1 Levels in Post Rats Excision Wound
Wound healing requires special attention through proper wound closure and infection control. Evaluating wound healing outcomes is essential to minimize complications. Natural products with antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antimicrobial properties have the potential to support wound healing at various stages. One such product is pomegranate (Punica granatum), which has been reported to accelerate tissue repair and reduce wound size. This study aimed to investigate the effect of pomegranate extract cream (Punica granatum) on PDGF and IL-1 levels in rats with excision wounds. An in vivo experimental study was conducted using 48 Wistar rats divided into 12 treatment groups, with sample collection performed on day 3 and day 7 after treatment. PDGF and IL-1 levels were analyzed using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method. A significant difference in mean IL-1 levels was found using one-way ANOVA (p = 0.000; p < 0.05). Post hoc Tamhane analysis showed that the 20% pomegranate extract cream had the most significant effect in reducing IL-1 levels (p = 0.000). For PDGF, no significant effect was observed on day 3 (Kruskal-Wallis test, p = 0.397), while on day 7, a significant difference in PDGF levels was found between treatment groups (Kruskal-Wallis test, p = 0.010). The 20% pomegranate extract cream significantly increased PDGF levels compared to the bioplacenton group. In conclusion, topical application of pomegranate extract cream increases PDGF levels and reduces IL-1 levels in excision wounds, with the 20% concentration showing the most effective results.
Copyright (c) 2025 Anggun Permata Sari, Agung Putra, Titiek Sumarawati https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Topical pomegranate (Punica granatum) extract cream accelerates wound healing by modulating VEGF and IL-10 expression in rats
Wound healing is a complex biological process aimed at restoring the integrity and function of damaged tissues. The demand for effective and aesthetically satisfying wound repair has driven interest in natural therapeutic alternatives to synthetic drugs. Punica granatum (pomegranate) has been reported to possess significant wound healing properties. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of topical pomegranate extract cream on the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and interleukin-10 (IL-10) in an excision wound model in rats. A post-test-only control group design was used with 48 male Wistar rats divided into 12 treatment groups. VEGF and IL-10 levels were measured on day 3 and day 7 after treatment. Statistical analysis using One-Way ANOVA and Tamhane’s post hoc test showed significant differences in VEGF and IL-10 expression across treatment groups (p = 0.000), with the highest levels observed in the 20% pomegranate cream group on both days (p < 0.05). These findings indicate that topical pomegranate extract cream enhances wound healing by increasing VEGF and IL-10 expression, particularly at the 20% concentration.
Copyright (c) 2025 Citra Dewi Hartati, Titiek Sumarawati, Agung Putra https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Effects of EH-MSC–derived exosomes on oxidative stress and inflammatory markers in a UVB-induced skin damage rat model
Prolonged exposure to ultraviolet B (UVB) radiation causes persistent skin inflammation, resulting in oxidative stress, collagen breakdown, and progressive loss of collagen. Exosomes generated from mesenchymal stem cells of the umbilical cord (EH-MSCs) have surfaced as a promising cell-free therapeutic approach owing to their anti-inflammatory and antioxidant characteristics. This experimental work assessed the impact of EH-MSC exosomes on inflammatory and oxidative stress indicators in a rat model of collagen loss induced by UVB exposure. Wistar rats were categorized into five groups: healthy control (G1), UVB-exposed animals administered NaCl (G2), hyaluronic acid (G3), 200 µL of EH-MSC exosomes (G4), and 300 µL of EH-MSC exosomes (G5). Exosomes were extracted from rat umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells via tangential flow filtration and subsequently analyzed using flow cytometry. Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) concentrations were quantified via ELISA, and statistical evaluation was conducted employing ANOVA and Kruskal–Wallis tests. The minimal TNF-α levels were recorded in the healthy control group (72.08 ± 18.30 pg/mL), whereas the maximal values were identified in the hyaluronic acid group (216.80 ± 56.27 pg/mL). Subcutaneous delivery of EH-MSC exosomes in G4 and G5 markedly decreased TNF-α levels in comparison to the saline and hyaluronic acid groups (p < 0.05). GPx levels were maximal in the G5 group (722.60 ± 57.67 pg/mL) and minimal in the saline-treated group (46.90 ± 11.29 pg/mL). Marked disparities in GPx levels were noted among the treatment groups (p < 0.05). The results demonstrate that subcutaneous delivery of EH-MSC exosomes at dosages of 200 µL and 300 µL significantly reduces inflammation and improves antioxidant activity in UVB-induced collagen degradation. EH-MSC exosomes exhibit promise as a cell-free therapeutic strategy for alleviating UVB-induced skin damage.
Copyright (c) 2025 Meri, Agung Putra, Chodijah, Eko Setiawan https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Modulation of Interleukin-6 and Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor by topical Noni leaf (Morinda citrifolia L.) extract cream in a rat incision wound model
Noni leaf (Morinda citrifolia L.) extract (NLE) has been reported to possess anti-inflammatory and pro-angiogenic properties that may support wound healing. This study evaluated the effects of topical NLE cream on interleukin-6 (IL-6) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression in male Wistar rats with standardized full-thickness incision wounds. Thirty rats were randomly assigned into five groups: normal control, negative control (cream base), positive control (povidone-iodine), and two treatment groups receiving 20% or 40% NLE cream. All topical treatments were applied once daily for three consecutive days. Wound tissue was collected and analyzed on day four. IL-6 levels were lowest in the normal control group (9.34 ± 6.01 pg/mL) and were significantly reduced in the 20% NLE group compared with the negative control (19.80 ± 15.95 vs. 100.8 ± 26.99 pg/mL; p = 0.002). In contrast, VEGF levels were highest in the 40% NLE group (59.76 ± 9.39 pg/mL; p < 0.01), indicating enhanced angiogenic activity. These findings suggest that topical NLE cream, particularly at higher concentrations, may promote wound healing by modulating inflammatory responses and stimulating angiogenesis, supporting its potential use as a complementary topical therapeutic agent.
Copyright (c) 2025 Enike Putri Ananto, Setyo Trisnadi, Danis Pertiwi, Eko Setiawan https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
MSC-derived exosomes ppregulate KGF and PDGF expression in a rat model of second-degree burn injury
Second-degree burn injuries necessitate efficient treatment approaches to expedite wound healing and reinstate skin integrity. Exosomes generated from mesenchymal stem cells (E-MSCs) are a promising cell-free therapeutic approach owing to their capacity to control inflammation and facilitate tissue regeneration. This research utilized a post-test-only control group experimental design with 28 male Wistar rats, randomly allocated into four groups: healthy control (G1), burn damage treated with NaCl (G2), and burn injury treated with E-MSCs at doses of 100 µL (G3) and 200 µL (G4). On the seventh day following therapy, the expression levels of keratinocyte growth factor (KGF) and platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) were measured using RT-PCR. The expression of KGF was markedly elevated in G3 (0.65 ± 0.03) and G4 (0.92 ± 0.08) in comparison to G2 (0.32 ± 0.09; p < 0.001). Likewise, PDGF expression was significantly elevated in G3 (1.08 ± 0.24) and G4 (1.49 ± 0.19) compared to G2 (0.66 ± 0.08; p < 0.001). The results indicate a dose-dependent influence of E-MSC administration on the upregulation of KGF and PDGF, which are essential for epithelialization and angiogenesis in the wound healing process. In conclusion, E-MSCs demonstrate considerable promise as a cell-free treatment strategy for improving the healing of second-degree burns. Additional research is necessary to confirm these results and evaluate their practical relevance in clinical environments.
Copyright (c) 2025 Dewi Atika Putri, Agung Putra, Titiek Sumarawati, Eko Setiawan https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Dose-dependent modulatory effects of Pimpinella alpina (Purwoceng) root extract on TNF-α and CRP in a CCl₄-induced hepatic injury model
The liver is highly susceptible to oxidative stress and inflammatory damage, particularly following exposure to hepatotoxic agents such as carbon tetrachloride (CCl₄). Concerns regarding the adverse effects of conventional anti-inflammatory therapies have increased interest in herbal alternatives, including purwoceng (Pimpinella alpina Molk), a medicinal plant rich in flavonoids and saponins with potential hepatoprotective activity. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of purwoceng root extract on tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha ) and C-reactive protein (CRP) levels in a CCl₄-induced liver injury model. Twenty-five male Wistar rats were randomly assigned to five groups: a negative control, a positive control receiving curcumin, and three treatment groups administered purwoceng extract at doses of 50, 100, or 150 mg/200 g body weight. Serum TNF-alpha and CRP levels were quantified using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Data were analyzed using the Kruskal–Wallis or one-way ANOVA tests, as appropriate. The purwoceng-treated groups exhibited lower TNF-alpha levels compared with the negative control; however, these reductions were not statistically significant. CRP levels demonstrated dose-dependent variability, with the lowest concentration observed at the 50 mg dose and a significant increase at the 150 mg dose, indicating a potential shift toward pro-oxidant or pro-inflammatory effects at higher doses. Although a statistically significant dose–response relationship was not established, these findings reflect the complex biological activity of purwoceng extract. In conclusion, purwoceng may exert modulatory effects on inflammatory markers in CCl₄-induced liver injury, but determination of an optimal therapeutic window is essential. Further studies involving bioactive compound isolation, pharmacokinetic and toxicity evaluation, and time-course analysis are warranted to clarify its hepatoprotective potential.
Copyright (c) 2025 Viki Dwi Randa, Setyo Trisnadi, Titiek Sumarawati https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Effect of topical tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) extract emulgel on superoxide dismutase and Tumor Necrosis Factor-Alpha expression in UVB-Exposed Mice
Ultraviolet B (UVB) radiation induces oxidative stress and inflammation in the skin, accelerating the aging process and harming cells. Superoxide dismutase (SOD) is a crucial antioxidant enzyme that safeguards cells from reactive oxygen species. Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) is a crucial pro-inflammatory cytokine that induces skin inflammation during exposure to UVB radiation. Lycopene, a potent antioxidant prevalent in tomatoes, has demonstrated efficacy in safeguarding against oxidative damage. This study aimed to evaluate the protective effects of topical tomato extract emulgel against UVB-induced skin damage in mice by assessing the expression levels of SOD and TNF-alpha. The mice were divided into four groups: a normal control group, a control group exposed to UVB, and two treatment groups that received UVB exposure along with 10% and 20% tomato extract emulgel, respectively. Following UVB irradiation, the emulgel formulations were applied topically once daily for five consecutive days. Subsequently, skin samples were collected and analyzed for SOD and TNF-alpha expression via immunohistochemical methods. The tomato extract exhibited significant antioxidant activity, with an IC50 value of 17.36 µg/mL. The topical application of a 10% tomato extract emulgel significantly increased SOD expression compared to the UVB-exposed control group (p < 0.05). No significant differences in TNF-alpha expression were seen among the experimental groups. The results indicate that the application of tomato extract emulgel to the skin, particularly at a 10% concentration, enhances the skin's antioxidant defense by increasing SOD expression. However, its effectiveness in reducing the inflammatory response induced by TNF-alpha was not evident within the scope of this study.
Copyright (c) 2025 Mawadah, Pasid Harlisa, Prasetyowati Subchan https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Diagnostic role of end-tidal carbon dioxide in differentiating chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and chronic heart failure: Association with NT-proBNP in dyspneic patients
Chronic heart failure (CHF) and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are increasingly prevalent among the elderly, and both frequently present with dyspnea as the primary symptom in emergency departments. Differentiating between the two conditions remains challenging, particularly in primary care, yet is essential given their distinct management approaches and prognostic implications. This study investigated the diagnostic utility of non-invasive end-tidal carbon dioxide (ETCO?) measurements in patients presenting with dyspnea and assessed whether combining ETCO? with N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) enhances diagnostic accuracy. A total of 205 patients admitted to the Emergency Department of Kayseri City Hospital and subsequently diagnosed with either CHF or COPD were included. Demographic data, clinical history, treatments, vital signs, NT-proBNP levels, echocardiographic findings, arterial blood gas results, integrated pulmonary index (IPI) scores, ETCO? values, and clinical outcomes were recorded. Echocardiography was performed by a cardiologist, and ETCO? and IPI values were obtained using the Medtronic Capnostream™ 35 monitor. NT-proBNP (p <0.001), ETCO? (p <0.001), and IPI (p = 0.038) were all statistically significant in differentiating CHF from COPD, with ETCO? demonstrating the strongest association. The addition of NT-proBNP or IPI to ETCO? did not provide further diagnostic benefit. NT-proBNP was also predictive of hospital admission (p <0.001). These findings indicate that quantitative ETCO? measurement, performed with a non-invasive and patient-friendly sidestream technique, is effective for diagnostic differentiation in acute dyspnea and has strong clinical applicability. ETCO? outperformed both NT-proBNP and IPI, and its use alone may be sufficient in this setting. Higher NT-proBNP cut-off values may be more appropriate in acute-onset dyspnea, and elevated NT-proBNP in COPD patients may hold prognostic value for poorer clinical outcomes.
Copyright (c) 2025 Dr Mustafa Erkan, Dr Oguzhan Bol, Prof. Dr. Nursah Basol https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Histological evaluation of eco-friendly clearing agents as substitutes for xylol in hematoxylin and eosin staining of fibroadenoma mammae tissue
Xylol is widely used as a clearing agent in histopathological tissue processing because of its excellent ability to enhance tissue transparency and staining quality. However, its toxicity, volatility, and potential carcinogenicity pose serious occupational and environmental hazards. This cross-sectional analytical experimental study evaluated the histological performance of natural essential oil based clearing agents as sustainable substitutes for xylol in hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining of fibroadenoma mammae tissue. Twenty-eight archival samples were processed using α-pinene, 1,8-cineole, or virgin coconut oil (VCO), with xylol serving as the control. Specimens were fixed in 10% neutral buffered formalin, dehydrated in graded alcohol, and evaluated macroscopically and microscopically using an ordinal scoring system encompassing tissue shrinkage, transparency, color uniformity, nuclear and cytoplasmic clarity, staining quality, and integrity. Data were analyzed descriptively and statistically. Results showed that α-pinene and VCO achieved total scores of 32.57 ± 0.30 (p = 0.784) and 32.14 ± 0.26 (p = 0.453), respectively, comparable to xylol (33.00 ± 0.00), while 1,8-cineole performed significantly lower (22.43 ± 0.65, p < 0.05). These findings highlight the novelty of using α-pinene and VCO as effective, non-toxic, inexpensive, and readily available xylol alternatives, reinforcing their relevance for sustainable histopathology, particularly in resource-limited settings.
Copyright (c) 2025 Wimpy, Endang Widhiyastuti, Astri Aditya Wardhani, Eva Ocha Pratama, Khoirunisa Saputri https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Analysis of continuous and figure of eight suture techniques on the healing of duodenal perforation
Duodenal perforation is a rare but potentially life-threatening gastrointestinal emergency. This study aimed to evaluate the healing of duodenal perforations both macroscopically and microscopically in rats sutured with figure-of-eight and continuous techniques compared with interrupted sutures. A total of 24 rats underwent a 10-mm longitudinal incision in the small intestine and were divided into four groups: sham, control with interrupted sutures, treatment group 1 (continuous technique), and treatment group 2 (figure-of-eight technique). Healing was assessed macroscopically by measuring bursting pressure and microscopically through fibroblast count and collagen density on histopathological examination at day 7. The figure-of-eight group demonstrated a significantly higher bursting pressure (177.5 ± 86.7 mmHg) compared with the control group (85.3 ± 55.7 mmHg, p < 0.05). Both the continuous and figure-of-eight groups showed significantly higher fibroblast counts and collagen density compared with the control group (p < 0.05). However, no significant difference in bursting pressure was observed between the continuous and control groups (p > 0.05). These findings indicate that both the figure-of-eight and continuous suturing techniques enhance microscopic healing parameters of duodenal perforation compared with the interrupted technique, while at the macroscopic level only the figure-of-eight technique provides significantly greater wound healing strength.
Copyright (c) 2025 Eko Setiawan, Dimas Irfan Nabih, Akmal Siradj Prahendra, Kiki Bangun Wijaya, Asa Akbar Ahmad, Affiq Miftah Salsabil, Wildan Praga Abdillah https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Potentiated extracts of Karamunting (Rhodomyrtus tomentosa), Senduduk (Melastoma malabathricum), and Jernang (Daemonorops draco) fruits as natural eosin substitutes in Hematoxylin–Eosin histopathological staining
Histopathological staining is essential for the assessment of tissue morphology, with hematoxylin–eosin (H&E) staining being the most widely used technique. However, eosin poses several limitations, including carcinogenic potential, tissue damage, flammability, and environmental hazards. Natural pigments derived from Rhodomyrtus tomentosa (karamunting), Melastoma malabathricum (senduduk), and Daemonorops draco (jernang) fruits represent promising safer alternatives due to their richness in chromogenic compounds. This study aimed to evaluate the potential of these fruit extracts as substitutes for eosin in H&E histopathological staining. A true experimental design was employed, comprising qualitative phytochemical screening, gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) profiling, extract pH analysis, and histopathological staining of pancreatic tissue obtained from diabetic white rats (Rattus norvegicus). Staining performance was assessed using extract concentrations of 70%, 80%, and 90%, with conventional H&E staining as a positive control and unstained sections as a negative control. Phytochemical analysis revealed that senduduk extracts contained flavonoids, anthocyanins, and tannins; karamunting extracts contained flavonoids, anthocyanins, alkaloids, saponins, and tannins; and jernang extracts contained flavonoids, anthocyanins, and tannins. GC–MS analysis identified 19 metabolites in senduduk, 27 in karamunting, and 4 in jernang extracts. All extracts exhibited acidic pH values. Among the tested conditions, the 90% karamunting extract produced the most satisfactory staining, yielding a distinct reddish coloration of the cytoplasm and connective tissue with adequate contrast to delineate pathological alterations, whereas other extracts and concentrations resulted in suboptimal staining quality. To our knowledge, this is the first study to comparatively evaluate the staining performance of these three natural fruit extracts on pancreatic tissue from diabetic rats using an integrated phytochemical, metabolomic, and pH profiling approach. The findings indicate that a 90% karamunting fruit extract has potential as a natural substitute for eosin in H&E histopathological staining.
Copyright (c) 2025 Iqlila Romaidha, Rima Agnes Widya Astuti, Ledisda Apriana, Ariva Syiva'a, Nurlaili Khoirunnisa https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Indonesian medicinal plants as potential candidates for alpha-glucosidase inhibitor : A comprehensive literature review for anti-diabetic therapy
Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by elevated blood glucose levels due to impaired insulin activity. One therapeutic strategy to manage postprandial hyperglycaemia is the inhibition of the alpha-glucosidase enzyme, which plays a key role in carbohydrate digestion. This literature review aimed to identify Indonesian medicinal plants with potential alpha glucosidase inhibitory activity based on in vitro studies. Articles were systematically retrieved from Google Scholar using specific keywords, covering publications from the last ten years (2014–2024) in English or Indonesian and accessible in full text. Inclusion criteria focused on studies evaluating in vitro alpha-glucosidase inhibition from Indonesian plant extracts; non-Indonesian or non-in vitro studies were excluded. Of the 200 screened articles, 34 fulfilled the eligibility criteria. Most studies employed spectrophotometric colorimetric assays using p-nitrophenyl-alpha-D-glucopyranoside (pNPG) as the substrate to assess inhibitory activity. In total, 40 plant species were identified as having ?-glucosidase inhibitory potential, with active compounds primarily including flavonoids, polyphenols, alkaloids, saponins, and tannins. The most commonly observed mechanism was competitive inhibition, wherein active compounds, especially flavonoids, blocked carbohydrate hydrolysis and reduced glucose absorption. Some studies also reported mixed and non-competitive inhibition through allosteric binding or conformational changes in the enzyme. This review supports the potential of various Indonesian medicinal plants as sources of natural alpha-glucosidase inhibitors, highlighting their relevance for the development of safer, plant-based antidiabetic therapies.
Copyright (c) 2025 Joanne Natalie, Marisca Evalina Gondokesumo, Mariana Wahjudi https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Comparative analysis of analytical sensitivity of qPCR methods for detecting isoniazid-resistant tuberculosis using SYBR Green and TaqMan Probe
Tuberculosis (TB) is an infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis and remains one of the leading causes of death worldwide. The increasing prevalence of TB strains resistant to multiple antibiotics, including isoniazid, highlights the urgent need for rapid and accurate molecular diagnostic methods. One such method is quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). This study aimed to compare the analytical sensitivity of qPCR assays for detecting isoniazid-resistant M. tuberculosis using SYBR Green and TaqMan Probe chemistries. Analytical sensitivity was evaluated using DNA from isoniazid-resistant M. tuberculosis carrying the S315G mutation, which was serially diluted up to 10⁻⁹. Primary data were analyzed using probit regression analysis. The results showed that the analytical sensitivity of the SYBR Green method was 1.5045 × 10⁻³ ng/µL, while that of the TaqMan Probe method was 1.0205 × 10⁻³ ng/µL. These findings indicate that the qPCR TaqMan Probe method is approximately 1.47 times more sensitive than the SYBR Green method. However, further studies evaluating additional validation parameters are required to determine the most suitable method for routine diagnostic application.
Copyright (c) 2025 Fusvita Merdekawati, Betty Nurhayati, Muhammad Raihan Suryaman, Aditya Juliastuti, Acep Tantan Hadiana, Sonny Feisal Rinaldi https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0